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External Anatomy

A typical organizational plan that integrates functions and their underlying structures is bilateral symmetry and cephalization. Bilateral symmetry refers to a body that can be divided through only one plane into mirror halves. Cephalization refers t... »

posted by gogol on Aug 5, 2008 2:49 PM

The Metazoa: Inverte...

Invertebrate animals range in size from microscopic worms, free-living and symbiotic, to huge forms such as huge giant squids, which, including their longest tentacles, can be as much as 20 m in length. Within this size range, the variety of forms de... »

posted by gogol on Aug 5, 2008 2:49 PM

Fungal Phylogeny

The fungi still present many unsolved phylogenetic problems. There is wide agreement that they are polyphyletic; that is, that there are as many plesiomorphs as there are independently originated groups of fungi. It also means that the evolutionary t... »

posted by gogol on Aug 5, 2008 2:48 PM

Fungal Diversity

The second major group of multicellular organisms, the kingdom Fungi, is usefully discussed now, since it too arose in all probability from the protistan protophyta. But whereas the Metaphyta arose from photosynthetic forms, the Fungi arose from non-... »

posted by gogol on Aug 5, 2008 2:48 PM

The Origin of Mosses...

Phylogenetically, these known nonvascular plants are off on an evolutionary side branch, quite distinct from the other metaphytan species. The reasons for this are their lack of vascular tissue and the dependence of their sporophyte generation on the... »

posted by gogol on Aug 5, 2008 2:46 PM

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